UNStudio / Ben van Berkel Selected to Design Football Stadium in Dalian, China

Amsterdam-based UNStudio has won the limited competition for a 40,000 spectator football stadium for the most successful club in the Chinese Super League: Dalian Shide FC. The stadium will be built in the club’s hometown of the city of Dalian, on the southern tip of Liaodong peninsula in Northeast China.

 The design for the 38,500 m2 stadium has been inspired by the colorful layering and overlapping of the ancient Chinese cuju football.

The design weaves together the collective spirit of the spectators with the public realm and the urban context of the building. The main stadium houses spectator seating, TV broadcasting center, administration areas, VIP lounge, players facilities and public concourse in a layered envelope which extends on ground level to provide outdoor public areas above decked parking facilities. In addition, the design incorporates two training fields on the 144,000 m2 site.

According to Ben van Berkel, “The design of the Dalian Football Stadium is inspired by the classic Chinese football, which was made by layering colored bamboo. For the stadium design, we appropriated this effect to generate a double-layered roof structure. This structure operates as a double concourse enclosure, encircling the tribunes. Splits and openings in between broad bands of the lattice structure enable views from the outside in and from the inside out.”

Stadium design

Essential to the stadium typology is the experience of the spectator. Aside from the basic function of a stadium as an arena for spectator sport with one central focal point, stadium design requires the consideration of many essential structural, programmatic, contextual, infrastructural and stylistic elements and the incorporation of these into a strong, integral gesture. Infrastructural considerations include ease of access and evacuation, visitor routing and parking facilities, while contextual considerations form an important element in both the relationship of the stadium to the city, its surroundings and its orientation with regard to nearby transport modes.

UNStudio’s design for the Dalian stadium presents an inclusive approach to stadium design where the articulation of the structure and the openings and overlapping moments of its double-layered envelope serve as the starting point for visitor experience and programmatic and infrastructural requirements, in addition to heightening spectator experience in terms of proximity to the playing field.

Ben van Berkel says, “A key feature of the Dalian Stadium is the proximity of the spectators to the pitch, thereby ensuring the best views from the tribunes and creating a true sense of engagement. As in theatre design specific views and focal points are required. In the Dalian stadium, we envisioned the playing field as the stage. A two tier seating system and curved outlines optimize the corners of the tribunes and allow the spectators to be as close as possible to the playing field.”

Dalian

With a population of 5.7 million, Dalian is the largest port in Northeast China and forms an important center of trade, industry and tourism. In 1984, the State Council approved Dalian as a coastal open city during China’s opening up to the West. In the mid-90s, Dalian began an ambitious undertaking to become a world-class port city on the level of Rotterdam, and a host to international events. Radical city planning policies were implemented, improving the aesthetic appearance of the city and eventually transforming the center of Dalian with architectural styles reminiscent of the Mediterranean and Sweden, thereby making it a unique city in China.

UNStudio’s design for the Dalian Football Stadium reacts to this setting by orientating the building in order to maximize both the use of existing transport modes and the views of the surrounding sea and mountains, whilst providing a unique sporting venue for the population of the Dalian.

Dalian Football Stadium, Dalian, China, 2009
Client: Dalian City Bureau of Urban Planning,
Location: Dalian, China
Building surface: 38,500 m2

Building site: 144,000 m2

Capacity: 40,000 spectators

Program: Football stadium with two additional training grounds

Status: Competition 1st prize

Credits
UNStudio: Ben van Berkel, Caroline Bos, Astrid Piber with Nuno Almeida, Ger Gijzen and Cynthia Markhoff, Luis Etchegorry, Shu Yan Chan, Ramon van der Heijden, Marcin Koltunski, Fernie Lai, Patrik Noome

Advisors

Engineering consultants: ARUP Shanghai, China
Arup International Consultants (Shanghai) Co., Ltd

Sports consultant: ASS Planungs GMBH Freie Architekten, Germany

Traffic consultant: MVA Hong Kong LTD.

Visualizations: UNStudio / and SZ Silkroad Digi Tech Co. LTD., China

Animation: IDF Global Pty Ltd.

Images: UNStudio